고흐(1853-1890) Gogh, Vincent van 고화질 명화

출처 : http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/

Gogh, Vincent (Willem) van (b. March 30, 1853, Zundert, Neth.--d. July 29, 1890, Auvers-sur-Oise, near Paris), generally considered the greatest Dutch painter and draughtsman after Rembrandt. With Cézanne and Gauguin the greatest of Post-Impressionist artists. He powerfully influenced the current of Expressionism in modern art. His work, all of it produced during a period of only 10 years, hauntingly conveys through its striking colour, coarse brushwork, and contoured forms the anguish of a mental illness that eventually resulted in suicide. Among his masterpieces are numerous self-portraits and the well-known The Starry Night (1889).

• Self-Portraits
• Portraits
• Irises
• Still-Lives with Sunflowers
• Views from the Asylum
• Works after Millet
• Vineyards
• Fields and Cypresses
• Other Landscapes

His uncle was a partner in the international firm of picture dealers Goupil and Co. and in 1869 van Gogh went to work in the branch at The Hague. In 1873 he was sent to the London branch and fell unsuccessfully in love with the daughter of the landlady. This was the first of several disastrous attempts to find happiness with a woman, and his unrequited passion affected him so badly that he was dismissed from his job. He returned to England in 1876 as an unpaid assistant at a school, and his experience of urban squalor awakened a religious zeal and a longing to serve his fellow men. His father was a Protestant pastor, and van Gogh first trained for the ministry, but he abandoned his studies in 1878 and went to work as a lay preacher among the impoverished miners of the grim Borinage district in Belgium. In his zeal he gave away his own worldly goods to the poor and was dismissed for his literal interpretation of Christ's teaching. He remained in the Borinage, suffering acute poverty and a spiritual crisis, until 1880, when he found that art was his vocation and the means by which he could bring consolation to humanity. From this time he worked at his new `mission' with single-minded frenzy, and although he often suffered from extreme poverty and undernourishment, his output in the ten remaining years of his life was prodigious: about 800 paintings and a similar number of drawings.

The Potato Eaters
1885 (180 Kb); Oil on canvas, 81.5 x 114.5 cm; Rijksmuseum Vincent van Gogh, Amsterdam

The night café
1888; Yale University Art Gallery
Of his Night Café, he said: `I have tried to express with red and green the terrible passions of human nature.' For a time he was influenced by Seurat's delicate pointillist manner, but he abandoned this for broad, vigorous, and swirling brush-strokes.

Vincent's Room, Arles
1888; Vincent Van Gogh Foundation, Amsterdam

 
La chambre de Van Gogh à Arles (Van Gogh's Room at Arles)
1889 (200 Kb); Oil on canvas, 57 x 74 cm (22 1/2 x 29 1/3 in); Musee d'Orsay, Paris

 
Entrance to the Public Garden in Arles
1888 (240 Kb); Oil on canvas, 72.5 x 91 cm (28 1/2 x 35 3/4 in); The Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C.

Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear
1889 (250 Kb); Oil on canvas, 60 x 49 cm; Courtauld Institute Galleries, London

In February 1888 van Gogh settled at Arles, where he painted more than 200 canvases in 15 months. During this time he sold no pictures, was in poverty, and suffered recurrent nervous crisis with hallucinations and depression. He became enthusiastic for the idea of founding an artists' co-operative at Arles and towards the end of the year he was joined by Gauguin. But as a result of a quarrel between them van Gogh suffered the crisis in which occured the famous incident when he cut off his left ear (or part of it), an event commemorated in his Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear (Courtauld Institute, London).

 
Landscape at Saint-Rémy
1889; Ny Carlsberg Glypotek, Copenhagen

 
Mountains at Saint-Remy
1889 (220 Kb); Oil on canvas, 71.8 x 90.8 cm (28 1/4 x 35 3/4 in); Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York

In May 1889 he went at his own request into an asylum at St Rémy, near Arles, but continued during the year he spent there a frenzied production of tumultuous pictures such as Starry Night (MOMA, New York). He did 150 paintings besides drawings in the course of this year. In 1889 Theo married and in May 1890 van Gogh moved to Auvers-sur-Oise to be near him, lodging with the patron and connoisseur Dr Paul Gachet. There followed another tremendous burst of strenuous activity and during the last 70 days of his life he painted 70 canvases. But his spiritual anguish and depression became more acute and on 29 July 1890 he died from the results of a self-inflicted bullet wound.

Dr Paul Gachet
Gachet, Dr Paul (1828-1909) Perhaps one of the most fascinating figures in the history of Impressionism, he was a doctor who specialized in homeopathy, a psychiatrist, an engraver, a Darwinian, a Socialist and a consistently helpful and generous patron and friend to all those artists with whom he came into contact. As a young student in Paris he had frequented the Brasserie des Martyrs, and after concluding his medical studies at Montpellier he became a frequenter of the seminal Café Guerbois. He bought a house at Auvers-sur-Oise and, in his studio there, became an enthusiastic engraver, partly as a consequence of his earlier contacts with Daumier, Charles Méryon and Rodolphe Bresdin, artists whose styles were reflected in his own. He signed his works `Paul van Ryssel', deriving the surname from his native village near Lille.

It was in this studio that several of the Impressionists took up etching: Cézanne produced there an etching of Guillaumin, as well as painting a number of flower pieces arranged in Delft vases for him by the doctor's wife. On the recommendation of Pissarro, Gachet took Vincent van Gogh into his house in 1890, and it was in Auvers that he committed suicide. Gachet's great collection of paintings by all the major figures of the movement was given to the state by his son and is now in the Musée d'Orsay.

L'église d'Auvers-sur-Oise (The Church at Auvers-sur-Oise)
1890 (220 Kb); Oil on canvas, 94 x 74 cm (37 x 29 1/8 in); Musee d'Orsay, Paris

 
Village Street in Auvers
1890 (230 Kb); Oil on canvas, 73 x 92 cm (28 3/4 x 36 1/4 in); Ateneumin Taidemuseo, Helsinki

Montmartre
1886; Art Institute of Chicago

One of the numerous paintings of Montmartre, then still a countrified suburb where Van Gogh shared living quarters with his brother, this picture illustrates both his interest in his new surroundings and also his change of style from dark and heavy tones to light and tender color. From the terrace and observation post of the Moulin de la Galette he suggests not so much a view of the city as the prospect of infinite space. It is surprising to think that only the year before this, back in Nuenen, he had painted in an entirely different key and mood his dusky, lamp-lit peasant genre-scene, The Potato Eaters.
His style was not yet finalized (though he could give even the row of lamp-posts a unique individuality). He did not venture to challenge comparison with Monet, Sisley, Renoir and Degas whose work was shown by Theo van Gogh on the Boulevard Montmartre and whom Vincent referred to as `the great impressionists of the Grand Boulevard'. He styled himself one of the `painters of the Petit Boulevard', exhibiting with Bernard, Anquetin, Gauguin and Toulouse-Lautrec at a café on the Boulevard Clichy. Yet in this period of two years before the craving for sunlight and warmth drove him southwards to Arles, it is evident that he was absorbing influences and ideas at a feverish rate. In 1886 the Neo-Impressionism of Seurat and Signac in the last Impressionist exhibition was to be absorbed into his consciousness with extraordinary results.

 
Vegetable Gardens in Montmartre
1887 (170 Kb); 96 x 120 cm

 
Starry Night over the Rhone
1888 (160 Kb); 72.5 x 92 cm

The Starry Night
June 1889 (210 Kb); Oil on Canvas, 72 x 92 cm (29 x 36 1/4 in); The Museum of Modern Art, New York
The Starry Night was completed near the mental asylum of Saint-Remy, 13 months before Van Gogh's death at the age of 37. Vincent's mental instability is legend. He attempted to take Paul Gauguin's life and later committed himself to several asylums in hopes of an unrealized cure.
Van Gogh painted furiously and The Starry Night vibrates with rockets of burning yellow while planets gyrate like cartwheels. The hills quake and heave, yet the cosmic gold fireworks that swirl against the blue sky are somehow restful.
This painting is probably the most popular of Vincent's works.

The White House at Night
June 1890 (Auvers); Oil on canvas, 59 x 72.5 cm (23 1/4 x 28 1/2"); No. 3KP 511. Formerly collection Otto Krebs, Holzdorf; Last exhibited 1924
At the end of WWII, as the Soviets pulled back from Germany, they took with them many German-owned works of art. These masterpieces were stored in the basement of the Hermitage in Leningrad, a Soviet state secret for nearly a half century. They have now been put on public exhibition. -- Mark Harden